How did Americans develop their way of English?
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The truth is — English has changed on BOTH sides of the Atlantic, and that includes pronunciation.
In fact, though there has certainly been influence from other sources (including Indians and other immigrant groups), the MAIN features of American English come from 17th century Britain.
And here’s a key — there were four distinct migrations of English speaking people to America during the colonial period (1607-1775), each coming mainly from a different part of the British Isles. Thus each of these groups brought their OWN culture, including ways of speaking. This formed the foundation for American English regional dialects.
Here are those four migrations:
1. New England – Puritan Migrations (1629-40) from East Anglia
2. Coastal South (Virginia to Florida) -Cavalier Migrations (1642-1675) from South England
3. New Jersey, Pennsylvania – Quaker migrations (1675-1725)from the Midlands area of England (near Wales)
4. Appalachian English – Scots-Irish migrations (1715-1775), mostly English people from Britain’s Celtic fringe (North England, Northern Ireland)
For a nice summary of each of these and how their language affected modern American English, as well as some of the other factors that helped to shape the dialects, check out the notes at this link:
http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ling201/test3materials/AmericanDialects.htm
Later in time when immigrants began to come, we adopted some of there pronunciations.
Different regions of the US speak very differently though. People from Boston tend to speak with an accent close to the English one. The New York accent is very distinct. Southern accents are also very different from the rest of the US.