Can somebody tell me about the Fall of Constantinople in 1453?
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However, to make a long story very short, the capture of Constantinople by the army of Sultan Mehmed II marked the final end of the Byzantine Empire, which had lasted for more than a thousand years, although it had been growing weaker ever since 1204, when the Fourth Crusade captured the city. After a long siege, the city fell, and many Greek scholars fled to the west, bringing elements of Greek culture with them. Some people claim that these Greek refugees were responsible for the start of the Renaissance.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople
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http://www.greece.org/poseidon/work/occupation/constantinople.html
http://www.agiasofia.com/emperors/conpaleo.html